Massacre at Sand Creek
by chuckofish
Today is the 148th anniversary of the Sand Creek Massacre in Colorado.
You can read about it here. It is a sad episode in American history, in which our family played a small part. Our great-great grandmother’s brother, John Wesley Prowers, a southern Colorado cattleman credited with bringing the first Hereford breeds into the territory, was 26 at the time, a married man with two daughters, Susan and Mary.
His wife, Amache Ochinee, was a full-blooded Cheyenne Indian, the daughter of one of Black Kettle’s sub-chiefs, One Eye. In 1864 Chief One Eye had negotiated a truce between the Cheyenne and Arapaho and the U.S. government. According to the truce the Cheyenne were guaranteed a safe camping area for the winter at their reservation along Sand Creek. But on the morning of November 28 soldiers from the Colorado First Volunteer Calvary rode onto the Prowers ranch and held the Prowers family and seven cow-hands hostage, under house arrest. Early the next morning at the camp along Sand Creek, Colonel John Chivington ordered his regiment to attack the Indians despite the fact that an American flag flew over their camp. The massacre claimed the lives of 150 Cheyenne and Arapaho. Among the dead was Chief One Eye, John Prowers father-in-law. John Prowers was later called by the government to testify at the investigation held at Fort Lyon.
Kit Carson, a close family friend of the Houghs and the Prowers, had this to say about the terrible events:
Jis to think of that dog Chivington and his dirty hounds, up thar at Sand Creek. His men shot down squaws, and blew the brains out of little innocent children. You call sich soldiers Christians, do ye? And Indians savages? What der yer ‘spose our Heavenly Father, who made both them and us, thinks of these things? I tell you what, I don’t like a hostile red skin any more than you do. And when they are hostile, I’ve fought ’em, hard as any man. But I never yet drew a bead on a squaw or papoose, and I despise the man who would.
Old Kit describes it pretty succinctly I’d say.
In an attempt to make reparations to the Indians, the U.S. government gave a 640-acre parcel of land to each of the survivors. Amache, her mother and the Prowers’ two oldest daughters were each given tracts along the Arkansas River, on which, along with other Cheyenne lands, John Prowers ran his cattle. The young Cheyenne dog soldiers who terrorized the countryside following the Massacre, left the Prowers alone.
I am happy to know that my ancestors were the “good guys” and not on the side of that dog, Chivington. Years later, Amache attended a meeting of the Eastern Star in Denver and someone brought Colonel Chivington over to meet her and asked, “Mrs. Prowers, do you know Colonel Chivington?” Ignoring his outstretched hand, she looked him straight in the eye, “Know Colonel Chivington? I should. He murdered my father.”
John and Amache Prowers had nine children. All those who lived to adulthood went to college. John died in 1884 at the age of 46 and a few years later when a new county was created by the Colorado General Assembly, they named it after the great cattleman.
What a great post! I would not have known the date. I love the picture of JWP — haven’t seen that one before. They were hardy people!
Chivington… Ugh. The things people do when contemplating runs for political office.
Exactly–looking to put “Indian Fighter” on his resume. The dog. However, the adverse publicity effectively put an end to his political career.
I think Prowers would make a great name for perhaps my third or fourth son. Or an excellent middle name for a daughter.
John’s daughter Mary had a son named Prowers. I wish I had used Prowers as a middle name somewhere.
Cool post, mother dear! I love the illustration at the top!
To Chuckofish:
I am Michael Burrell, a retired history teacher in San Luis Obispo, California.
In the early 1950’s (1950 to 53??), my family lived in Lamar, in a little house located on Mayhew Drive.
Their names were Thomas Brent (worked for Conoco Oil) and Marion E. Burrell (worked as a nurse out at Ft. Lyon). I was only 4 or 5 when we moved to Alamosa, but we learned a lot about the Sand Creek Massacre, and when I became a teacher in 1972…I taught about it, as I believe it was the root of all of the major conflicts with the Cheyenne, Arapaho and Sioux indian tribes. My parents knew an old couple (Nelson’s perhaps??) who were related to “Princess Amachee” …My parents are gone now…and I wished I had written down the names of these nice old people. My parents were at the dedication of the 1950-51 dedication of the Sand Creek site, and took my brother and I, but we were too young to remember. I do remeber the Koshari Dancers, The John Martin Reservoir, dust storms, and snow, and our little house. In 2009 I travelled back through Lamar, and recognized the grain elevators, and the main street, and the area where our house was, but the streets have changed, and the houses have been enlarged and do not look the same. Could you tell me maybe the namesof some of these ancestors that could have been friends of my parents??
Thanks so Much …Michael P. Burrell
1605 Pereira Drive
San Luis Obispo, California, 93405
I am Gary T. Ono, I was 3-5-yrs-old and an internee in the US concentration camp named Amache, after the Cheyenne Indian Princess Amache, daughter of Chief Ochi-nee (One Eye) , who was massacred at Sand Creek at the dastardly hands of a nor-worth naming murderer. I feel honored to learn that our camp was named after a noble Cheyenne native, an important citizen of Prowers County. Check-out my essays about Amache:at:
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Thanks for this illuminating Blog!
Google my name and Amache.
I did–thanks for the comment and the direction to your articles!
Hello Chuckofish: You’re welcome. My articles vary, but most have to do with my family history during WWII. What, if I may ask, is your connection and/or interest in Amache, Granada or Lamar? Just curious as a bases for further discussion.
I was a volunteer on an archaeological survey of Amache led by Dr. Bonnie Clark of the University of Denver in 2008. We were put up in Lamar. I photographed an album in the Amache Preservation Society museum in Granada that was produced by Joe & Wilma McClelland. Joe was on the Adm. Staff of Amache and a photographer. His album is well organized and captioned. They lived in Lamar at 305 So. 6th during his employment by the War Relocation Authority.
Well, as I wrote in my blogpost, my great-great grandmother was Amache’s sister-in-law. Amache was married to her brother (my great-great uncle) John Prowers after whom Prowers County is named. I am very interested all things connected to the Hough/Prowers family.
Thanks for the explanation of your relationship to Amache. I just read “Short Nights of the Shadow Catcher,” the story of Edward Curtis’s epic project to capture the images and stories of Native Americans before the turn of the century. How sad the literal extermination of the Native race. Sand Creek was mentioned by the competent author, Timothy Egan.
If I may ask?, is your moniker related to native heritage?
Did you reply to me last year about People in Lamar my parents knew…were the Nelson’s…in the early 1950’s…who were related to Amachee??
I can’t find your reply….because I think you did…
Happy 2014..
best Michael Burrell….leftyplayshorn@gmail.com
I wrote you a letter!
Yes, I thought so…was it email or snail mail…because I have searched my computer and I cannot find it…. I will continue to search…..would you have signed it a different name??
So sorry that i am having brain failure !!
TX MB
Snail mail!
Thanks !!!
I probably have it filed with my Sand Creek Stuff…… you know we old history teachers save all “good” stuff….and I like to think I am half-way organized…
Best…MB
[…] also responded to some new interest in my old blogpost on the Sand Creek Massacre. The comments section was blowing up! I heard from a Japanese-American who lived as a child in the […]
[…] of this blog will recall that John was the older brother of our great-great-grandmother Mary Prowers Hough. Not much is known about […]
Hello
My name is John Prowers. I was wondering where you got all your information on JWP? I have been doing research on my family and would love to see what you have.
thank you
Greetings! I have found a lot just by googling “John W. Prowers” or variations of that. There is a wonderful article, Mary Prowers Hudnall, “Early History of Bent County,” Colorado Magazine, 22, which was an interview with his daughter Mary Hough Prowers Hudnall, which includes a lot of material. Thank goodness, someone had the foresight to talk to this pioneer! Most everything is just a rehash of this interview. You can go to the Colorado History Museum site and the Denver Public Library site as well.
Keep reading my blog! I also wrote about the Prowers here: https://dualpersonalities.wordpress.com/2014/01/29/how-the-west-was-won/
If, you don’t mind me asking, are you part of the Prowers family
Hello, What does JWP mean? Knowing that, maybe I can answer your question. Thanks, gary
As you can see in the post, I am the great-great granddaughter of John Wesley Prowers’ sister, Mary Prowers Hough. So JWP was my great-great grand-uncle.
Enjoyed the read although I’m 4 years late! I am a blood relative of Amache and John Wesley Prower’s daughter, Leona. Prowers is a common middle name for the men in my family, you guys are right, it is a great name! I’m starting to learn more and more about my ancestry and it’s fascinating adventure.
Glad you stopped by! 🙂
Not sure if my previous post went through, I forgot to mention I àm the great great granddaughter of John Wesley Prowers. If you have any other information I would LOVE to see it!
love reading any and all about all of these subjects….thanks….M Burrell